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Byang bdag bkra shis stobs rgyal + (Jangdak Tashi Tobgyel was the founder of Sangngak Tekchok Choling Monastery. He was the reincarnation of Ngari Panchen Pema Wangyel and the father of Rigdzin Ngakgi Wangpo, the founder of Dorje Drak Monastery.)
'ja' tshon snying po + (Jatson Nyingpo was Nyingma treasure reveal … Jatson Nyingpo was Nyingma treasure revealer, one of the few to have been a fully ordained monk. Jatson Nyingpo spent seventeen years in retreat, sealing the door of his hermitage with clay. According to his hagiography, while in retreat or soon afterwards, at the age of thirty-six, in 1620, he revealed a treasure inventory said to be written in the hand of Yeshe Tsogyel (mtsho rgyal gyi phyag bris ma), and went on to reveal numerous treasure texts, including his best known cycle, the ''Embodiment of the Precious Ones'' (''dkon mchog spyi 'dus''), a Guru Rinpoche sadhana which has inspired numerous commentaries. which has inspired numerous commentaries.)
rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan + (Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen of the aristocratic … Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen of the aristocratic Khon family was the third of the five men credited with founding the Sakya order. He was also the Fifth Sakya Tridzin, or throne holder. His father Sachen Kunga Nyingpo and his elder brother Sonam Tsemo were the first and second Sakya patriarchs. Drakpa Gyeltsen was instrumental in the early recording and compiling of the Lamdre teachings that form the basis of the Sakya tradition.hat form the basis of the Sakya tradition.)
'jigs med rgyal ba'i myu gu + (Jigme Gyelwai Nyugu was a principle discip … Jigme Gyelwai Nyugu was a principle disciple of Jigme Lingpa and lineage holder of the Longchen Nyingtik. He was one of Dza Paltrul’s main teachers, the inspiration for the later's famous Words of My Perfect Teacher. He lived most of his life as a hermit in the Dzachuka region of Kham, and trained many of the centuries Longchen Nyingtik masters.f the centuries Longchen Nyingtik masters.)
'bri gung skyob pa 'jig rten mgon po + (Jikten Gonpo Rinchen Pel ('jig rten mgon p … Jikten Gonpo Rinchen Pel ('jig rten mgon po rin chen dpal) is credited with the founding of Drigung Til Monastery in 1179 and the establishment of the Drigung Kagyu tradition. He was a close disciple of Pakmodrupa and briefly administered Densatil following Pakmodrupa's death. His close disciple was [[Sherab Jungne]].He was born to an illustrious clan called the Kyura (skyu ra) at a town in Kham called Tsungu (tsu ngu), in 1123. He studied with teachers from many traditions and completed many years of retreat, after which he took monastic vows in 1177..."...Jikten Gonpo and his Drigung lineage are best known for the set of teachings known as ''The Five Profound Paths of Mahāmudrā'' (''phyag chen lnga ldan''). Some of his sayings were collected by [[Sherab Jungne]] into what is known as the ''[[Single Intention]]'' (''dgongs gcig''), teachings of a profoundly philosophical character further developed in commentarial works written in the following generation. Some of Jikten Gonpo's teachings were collected by yet another disciple into what is known as the ''Heart of the Great Vehicle's Teachings'' (''theg chen bstan pa'i snying po'')..."' (''theg chen bstan pa'i snying po'')...")
jo mo sman mo + (Jomo Menmo was a Nyingma treasure revealer … Jomo Menmo was a Nyingma treasure revealer and a consort to Guru Chowang. Little about her is known outside of legend. Her revelations were said to have been rediscovered by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo in the ninetenth century and are included in the Rinchen Terdzod.y and are included in the Rinchen Terdzod.)
mi pham rgya mtsho + (Ju Mipam Gyamtso was a prolific author who … Ju Mipam Gyamtso was a prolific author who brought formal philosophical study, including debate, to the Nyingma tradition. Based in Kham during a period of great inter-sectarian exchange, he trained with the Kagyu lama Jamgön Kongtrul and the Sakya lama Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, among others, even as he preserved a strong Nyingma identity. Among his most celebrated works are the ''Beacon of Certainty'' and a commentary on the Ninth Chapter of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. In addition to his considerable literary output he spent decades of his life in retreat.t he spent decades of his life in retreat.)
tshe ring chos sgron + (Khandro Tsering Chodron, known to many sim … Khandro Tsering Chodron, known to many simply as Khandro-la, was the wife of Jamyang Khyentse Chokyi Lodro. Following their marriage in 1948 she lived at Dzongsar and received instruction from tutors and lamas including Khyentse Chokyi Lodro himself. She accompanied Chokyi Lodro when he left Dzongsar in 1955 and travelled to Lhasa and then into Sikkim and India. After Khyentse Chokyi Lodro's death in 1959, she lived for more than four decades in the presence of his reliquary stūpa, at the Royal Chapel in Gangtok, Sikkim, in simple conditions. She moved to France in 2006 and remained there until her death in 2011, after which a golden-domed memorial stupa was constructed to house her relics. Even though she never formally taught or gave empowerments, she was widely revered, even among senior Tibetan Buddhist teachers, for the sanctity of her presence, and for her humility, devotion, and playful humour.er humility, devotion, and playful humour.)
kun bzang dpal ldan + (Khenchen Kunzang Pelden was a Nyingma scho … Khenchen Kunzang Pelden was a Nyingma scholar and teacher associated with Katok Monastery. A student of a number of distinguished Nyingma teachers including Dza Patrul and Ju Mipam, he was an important Longchen Nyingtik lineage holder. He composed a famous commentary to the ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra'', and served Katok Monastery as the first abbot of its study center, Shedrub Norbu Lhunpo, for three years. Following retirement he returned to his hometown and taught until his death in 1944.metown and taught until his death in 1944.)
Lang gro dkon mchog 'byung gnas + (Konchok Jungne (dkon mchog 'byung gnas) wa … Konchok Jungne (dkon mchog 'byung gnas) was born in Yaru Chang Tanak (g.yas ru byang rta nag) in Tsang and became an influential minister at the court of King Tri Songdetsen (khri srong lde'u btsan), under the name Langdro (lang gro). Later on he became a monk and translator, taking the name Konchok Jungne, and received the Nyingtik teachings from Padmasambhava.the Nyingtik teachings from Padmasambhava.)
Ngor mkhan chen, 10th + (Konchok Lhundrub was the tenth abbot of Ngor Monastery, serving from 1534 to 1557. He is remembered as one of the most accomplished and prestigious Ngor abbots, comparable in reputation to Ngor's founder Kunga Zangpo.)
kun dga' dpal ldan + (Kunga Pelden was a twentieth-century yogin … Kunga Pelden was a twentieth-century yogin who resided around Dzogchen Monastery. He was a heart student of Orgyen Tendzin Norbu, himself a disciple of Patrul Rinpoche. He mostly spent his life in retreat and was a proponent of The Guru's Inner Essence, or Lama Yangtik, and the practices of the channels, vital energies, vital essences, and physical yogas of the Heart Essence of the Great Expanse, or Longchen Nyingtik. Kunga Pelden received Lama Yangtik, Longchen Nyingtik, and the physical yogas from Orgyen Tendzin Norbu and the practice of the channels, vital energies, and vital essences from Pema Tekchok Loden.nd vital essences from Pema Tekchok Loden.)
legs ldan bdud 'joms rdo rje + (Lekden Dorje was recognized as the rebirth … Lekden Dorje was recognized as the rebirth of Rigdzin Godemchen and posthumously given the title of Second Dorje Drak Rigdzin. He was the younger brother of Ngari Panchen Pema Wanggyel, with whom he established the community that later grew into Dorje Drak Monastery, one of the main Nyingma monasteries in Tibet. of the main Nyingma monasteries in Tibet.)
las rab gling pa + (Lerab Lingpa, also commonly known as Terch … Lerab Lingpa, also commonly known as Terchen Sogyal, was a prominent Nyingma treasure revealer based in Kham. A teacher to many of the twentieth century's major figures, including the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, his treasures are collected in over twenty-volumes.ures are collected in over twenty-volumes.)
Dzogchen Drubwang, 4th + (Mingyur Namkhai Dorje was the Fourth Dzogc … Mingyur Namkhai Dorje was the Fourth Dzogchen Drubwang and the seventh abbot of Dzogchen Monastery in Kham. A student of the First Dodrubchen, he was a widely venerated Dzogchen master who taught dozens of prominent masters across Kham, and forged close ties with Ninth Dalai Lama, with whom he shared a familial relationship. With the sponsorship of the king of Derge he restored Dzogchen Monastery after it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1842.it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1842.)
Mitrayogi + (Mitrayogin was a highly regarded Indian te … Mitrayogin was a highly regarded Indian teacher who flourished in the final days of Buddhism's prominence in India. He was invited to Tibet by his disciple Tropu Lotsāwa and is best known for his tantric collection known as One Hundred Transmissions of Mitra and his Letter to King Candra.ns of Mitra and his Letter to King Candra.)
sprul sku mi 'gyur rdo rje + (Namcho Mingyur Dorje, the reincarnation of … Namcho Mingyur Dorje, the reincarnation of a Katok lama named Wangdrak Gyatso, was a prolific treasure revealer. Educated and sponsored by the great Kagyu master Karma Chakme, his revelations formed in part the basis of the Pelyul branch of the Nyingma tradition. Among his many treasures included in the Rinchen Terdzod are the Namcho cycle, for which he is best known. He should not be confused with Yongge Terton Mingyur Dorje, another student of Karma Chakme who was born in 1628.dent of Karma Chakme who was born in 1628.)
'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse'i dbang phyug + (Nesar Jamyang Khyentse Wangchuk was a Saky … Nesar Jamyang Khyentse Wangchuk was a Sakya treasure revealer and an important teacher in the transmission of a number of Sakya teachings, including the Lamdre Lobshe. A disciple of Tsarchen Losel Gyatso, Khyentse Wangchuk was an important earlier master of the Tsarpa branch of the Sakya tradition. His main seat was Zhalu Monastery, where he served as the fourteenth abbot., where he served as the fourteenth abbot.)
Ngag gi dbang po + (Ngakgi Wangpo was the main lineage holder … Ngakgi Wangpo was the main lineage holder of the Jangter, or Northern Treasures tradition. He was the founder of Dorje Drak Monastery and served as its first throne holder. For this he earned the title of Dorje Drak Rigdzin, which was posthumously assigned to his previous incarnations; at least in some sources; Ngakgi Wangpo is occasionally known as the First Dorje Drak Rigdzin.lly known as the First Dorje Drak Rigdzin.)
mnga' ris paN chen pad+ma dbang rgyal + (Ngari Paṇchen Pema Wanggyel was a major Ny … Ngari Paṇchen Pema Wanggyel was a major Nyingma lama of the early sixteenth century. Born in present day Mustang, Nepal, he traveled widely around Tibet promoting the Jangter tradition with his brother, Lekden Dorje. He is remembered to have strictly observed his monastic vows and was the author of many texts, including Ascertaining the Three Vows, which lays out the Buddhist path according to the Nyingma tradition.t path according to the Nyingma tradition.)
rngog blo ldan shes rab + (Ngok Lotsāwa was nephew of Ngok Lekpai She … Ngok Lotsāwa was nephew of Ngok Lekpai Sherab, the founder of Sangpu Neutok, and not only carried on the teaching activities of his uncle but raised the fame and prestige of Sangpu to new heights. He was important not only to his own Kadam lineage, but to the development of Tibetan education in general. Ngok Lotsāwa, working with the Kashmiri paṇḍita Sajjana, produced the sole-surviving translation of the Ratnagotravibhāga, the central text of buddha-nature theory in Tibet. His commentary on the text is said to have initiated the "analytical" exegetical tradition.ted the "analytical" exegetical tradition.)
Ngor mkhan chen, 1st + (Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo was one of the most … Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo was one of the most famous and influential Sakya teachers of the fifteenth century. A student of Sharchen Yeshe Gyeltsen and Buddhaśrī, he played an important role in the revitalization of the Sakya tradition following the collapse of Yuan patronage, with the establishment of Ngor Monastery in 1429, and the cultivation of support from Mustang and the Rinpung family in Shigatse. He famously engaged in a polemical debate with Khedrubje over the authenticity of the Sakya Hevajra teachings. Among his disciples were Muchen Sempa Chenpo, Gorampa Sonam Sengge, and Shākya Chokden.Gorampa Sonam Sengge, and Shākya Chokden.)
o rgyan gling pa + (Orgyen Lingpa was a prominent early treasu … Orgyen Lingpa was a prominent early treasure revealer who revealed the Pema Katang and the Katang De Nga, two influential sources for the life of Padmasambhava. He is said to have revealed twenty-eight treasures. He is considered to have been the seventh incarnation of Prince Lhase, the middle son of Tri Songdetsen. He seems to have had trouble with the new Pakmodru dynasty and lived the later part of his life in a form of exile. Otherwise, little is known about his life.Otherwise, little is known about his life.)
pha dam pa sangs rgyas + (Padampa Sanggye was a Buddhist adept well … Padampa Sanggye was a Buddhist adept well known for his teachings in Tibet, especially of the Prajñāpāramitā corpus and Mahāmudrā system, as well as what would become known as the Zhije tradition. He is also associated with Chod lineages: many sources describe him as a teacher of Machik Labdron, who would herself become known as the genetrix of Chod.self become known as the genetrix of Chod.)
'gro mgon chos rgyal 'phags pa + (Pakpa Lodro Gyeltsen was the fifth of the … Pakpa Lodro Gyeltsen was the fifth of the Five Sakya Patriarchs, the men credited with having established the foundation of the Sakya tradition. His father was Sonam Gyeltsen, the younger brother of the great scholar Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyeltsen. He went to Godan Khan’s court with Sakya Paṇḍita as a boy, and went on to play a central role in Tibetan relations with Khubilai Khan and the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. Sakya became the capital of Mongolian-ruled Tibet, and using funds from the new Yuan state Pakpa built the Lhakhang Chenmo at Sakya, establishing what is commonly known as Sakya Monastery. He and Sakya Paṇḍita are also credited with developing a written script so that Buddhist texts could be translated into Mongolian, which had previously not been written. This is named Pakpa Script in his honor.. This is named Pakpa Script in his honor.)

Ngor mkhan chen, 16th + (Pelden Dondrub was the Sixteenth Ngor Khenchen, from 1618 to 1622.)

pad+ma las 'brel rtsal + (Pema Ledrel Tsel was a treasure revealer w … Pema Ledrel Tsel was a treasure revealer who discovered the Khandro Nyingtik. He was said to be a reincarnation of King Tri Songdetsen’s daughter, Pema Tsel, who, according to legend, died tragically when she was just eight years old, was revived by Padmasambhava, and given the Khandro Nyingtik teachings before passing away again.ngtik teachings before passing away again.)
Pad+ma gling pa + (Pema Lingpa was a prolific treasure reveal … Pema Lingpa was a prolific treasure revealer and one of the most influential religious figures in Bhutanese history. A native of Bumtang, he trained as a blacksmith before embarking on a long career of treasure discovery and teaching across the southern Tibetan Plateau. He established as his seat the Tamzhing Lhundrub Choling Lhakhang. His lineage, continued through three lines of incarnations -- the Peling Sungtrul, the Peling Tukse and the Gangteng Tulku, dominates the Nyingma tradition in Bhutan.dominates the Nyingma tradition in Bhutan.)
gtsang smyon he ru ka + (Perhaps best known today as the author and … Perhaps best known today as the author and publisher of the famous biography and collected songs of Milarepa, Tsangnyon Heruka was also one of the most influential mad yogins of Tibet. He is famous for having renovated the Svayambhū Stūpa in the Kathmandu Valley, and for inspiring a whole school of textual production and printing, sometimes referred to as “the School of Tsangnyon.” Tsangnyon practiced and disseminated the core teachings of the Kagyu tradition: the Six Dharmas of Nāropa, Mahāmudrā, and the Aural Transmissions that had been transmitted by Milarepa’s closest disciples.ansmitted by Milarepa’s closest disciples.)
rwa lo tsA ba rdo rje grags + (Ra Lotsāwa Dorje Drak was an eleventh cent … Ra Lotsāwa Dorje Drak was an eleventh century translator and infamous magician, important during the later dissemination of the new tantric cycles of Yamāntaka. Ralo embodied the antinomian lifestyle of the Indian tantric Mahasiddhas, taking many wives and engaging in lethal magical combat with a number of respected lamas of his days. He himself is said to have boasted of killing thirteen lamas. Like his contemporary, Marpa, Ra Lotsāwa lived as a feudal lord, establishing no monastery. His transmissions eventually infiltrated all other traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. all other traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.)
rat+na gling pa + (Ratna Lingpa was a prolific treasure revea … Ratna Lingpa was a prolific treasure revealer, famous for compiling an extensive edition of the Collected Nyingma Tantras. According to tradition, when Ratna Lingpa was twenty-seven, he experienced a vision of Padmasambhava in the form of a yogi dressed in yellow raw silk. He showed him three scrolls, a white, a red and a blue one, and asked Ratna Lingpa to choose one of them. Ratna Lingpa answered that he wanted all three. Because of the auspicious connection created by his answer, Ratna Lingpa received all three inventories, and was able to reveal in a single lifetime the termas he would have otherwise revealed in three successive lifetimes. He is therefore also known as Zhikpo Lingpa (zhig po gling pa) and Drodul Lingpa ('gro 'dul gling pa).a) and Drodul Lingpa ('gro 'dul gling pa).)
Rig 'dzin rgod kyi ldem 'phru can + (Rigdzin Godemchen was a Nyingma treasure r … Rigdzin Godemchen was a Nyingma treasure revealer who discovered the Jangter, or Northern Treasures. He was posthumously known as the First Dorje Drak Rigdzin after the Third Dorje Drak Rigdzin claimed to have been the reincarnation of Lekden Dorje, who was himself identified as the reincarnation of Godemchen. According to legend, when he was eleven years old three feathery growths appeared on the top of his head; by the time he was twenty-three there were five. Because these growths looked like the feathers of a vulture, he became famous as Godkyi Demtruchen (rgod kyi ldem 'phru can), ‘the one with vulture’s feathers’, which is generally shortened to Godemchen. Later in life he became known as Rigdzin Chenpo (rig 'dzin chen po; mahāvidyādhara) and this title has been held ever since by each of his successive incarnations.ce by each of his successive incarnations.)
rin chen bzang po + (Rinchen Zangpo was one of the most importa … Rinchen Zangpo was one of the most important translators in Tibetan history. Working under the sponsorship of the kings of Guge, he was responsible for the translation of many of the texts of the Second Propagation of Buddhism in Tibet. Seventeen volumes of his translations are in the Kangyur, and thirty-three volumes in the Tengyur. He is credited with one hundred and eight volumes of tantric translations, as well as numerous volumes of texts relating to science and medicine. Rinchen Zangpo is also considered responsible for the construction of numerous temples across western Tibet and the Northwest Indian Himalaya, although almost all of the attributions are tenuous. He was the first to introduce the Cakrasaṃvara tantra and the cult of the deity Mahākāla to Tibet, and was responsible for translations of several important Prajñāpāramitā scriptures. Many of the lineages he introduced, particularly those of the Yogatantras, are maintained in the Sakya tradition.as, are maintained in the Sakya tradition.)
bzang po grags pa + (Ritropa Zangpo Drakpa was a fourteenth-cen … Ritropa Zangpo Drakpa was a fourteenth-century treasure revealer who is most well-known for discovering The Supplication in Seven Chapters and for transmitting a set of treasure scrolls to Rigdzin Godemchen. Although Zangpo Drakpa himself was trained in the Dakpo Kagyu Order, his treasures are foundational for the Jangter or "Northern Treasures" of the Nyingma tradition. As the title "Ritropa" suggests, Zangpo Drakpa was a homeless, mountain-wandering hermit; he appears to have spent most of his life in Southern Lato and western Tsang.s life in Southern Lato and western Tsang.)
rong zom chos kyi bzang po + (Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo was an eleventh-cent … Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo was an eleventh-century Tibetan translator, author, and exegete of Buddhist literature. Among his translations and commentarial works are important scriptures transmitted as part of the first and second period of Buddhist diffusion in Tibet. He is a seminal figure for the Nyingma, traditionally described as the last translator of the early translation period. His work as a translator and exegete is nevertheless also important to the later translation period and the so-called New Schools of Tibetan Buddhism. His prodigious literary output––including his early and influential commentary on Guhyagarbhatantra and his vociferous defense of Tibet's Dzogchen tradition––affirm his place as the first of the three luminaries of the Nyingma tradition, alongside Longchenpa and Ju Mipam Gyatso. alongside Longchenpa and Ju Mipam Gyatso.)
sa bzang ma ti paN chen blo gros rgyal mtshan + (Sabzang Mati Paṇchen Lodro Gyeltsen was on … Sabzang Mati Paṇchen Lodro Gyeltsen was one of Dolpopa’s fourteen major disciples. He was a great master of sutra and tantra, especially the Five Books of Maitreya and the Kālacakra Tantra. He completed a new revised translation of the Kālacakra Tantra and the Vimalaprabhā. He later lived and taught at Sabzang Ganden Monastery.ed and taught at Sabzang Ganden Monastery.)
Sa chen kun dga' snying po + (Sachen Kunga Nyingpo was the first of the … Sachen Kunga Nyingpo was the first of the Sakya Jetsun Gongma Nga, the five founding patriarchs of Sakya. These five men of the Khon family are credited with having laid the foundations for the Sakya tradition. Sachen was a layman and the third Sakya Tridzin or throne holder, a position distinct from his later designation as a patriarch. His father, Khon Khonchog Gyelpo, was the first Sakya throne holder and the founder of what became Sakya monastery.he founder of what became Sakya monastery.)
sa skya paN+Di ta + (Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyaltsen, commonly ref … Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyaltsen, commonly referred to as Sapaṇ, was the fourth of the Five Patriarchs of Sakya and the sixth Sakya throne holder. A member of the illustrious Khon family that established and controlled the Sakya tradition, he was an advocate for strict adherence to Indian Buddhist traditions, standing in opposition to Chinese or Tibetan innovations that he considered corruptions. In this regard he was a major player in what has been termed the Tibetan Renaissance period, when there was a move to reinvigorate Tibetan Buddhism’s connections to its Indian antecedents. He was instrumental in transmitting the Indian system of five major and five minor sciences to Tibet. As an ordained monk, Sapaṇ was instrumental in laying the groundwork for adherence to the Vinaya at Sakya Monastery, built under his successors. He authored more than one hundred texts and was also a prolific translator from Sanskrit. His writings are among the most widely influential in Tibetan literature and prompted commentaries by countless subsequent authors. Sapaṇ’s reputation as a scholar and Buddhist authority helped him forge close ties with powerful Mongols, relations that would eventually lead to the establishment of Sakya Monastery and its position of political power over the Thirteen Myriarchies of central Tibet.the Thirteen Myriarchies of central Tibet.)
Smṛtijñānakīrti + (Smṛtijñānakīrti is sometimes considered the first translator of the "later propagation" of Buddhism in Tibet, and the figure who inaugurated the "new translations." He was primarily based in Kham, at Drentang, near Langtang Dolma Lhakhang.)
bsod nams rtse mo + (Sonam Tsemo, the son of Sachen Kunga Nyingpo, was the second of the five founding patriarchs of the Sakya tradition. He was also the fourth Sakya Tridzin at Sakya Monastery, although he served as active head of the monastery for only a few years.)
Sum pa lo tsA ba + (Sumpa Lotsāwa Darma Yonten was a Sakya translator who worked with the Nepali paṇḍita Jayasena on the translation of the Dākārnava Tantra and related works. He was a teacher of Sakya Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen.)
sum pa lo tsA ba + (Sumpa Lotsāwa Darma Yonten was a Sakya translator who worked with the Nepali paṇḍita Jayasena on the translation of the Dākārnava Tantra and related works. He was a teacher of Sakya Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen.)
Dalai Lama, 5th + (The Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobzang Gyat … The Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso, popularly known "The Great Fifth", was the first Dalai Lama to assume political rule of Tibet, forging lasting alliances with Mongol armies and the Qing court in China. He was both a brilliant tactician and a religious thinker, authoring numerous commentaries and ritual manuals, as well as histories and biographies. Although responsible for considerable sectarian violence and Geluk hegemony, including the suppression in Tibet of the Jonang tradition and the forcible conversion of many monasteries to the Geluk faith, the Fifth Dalai Lama never abandoned his family’s Nyingma affiliations, and he sponsored the establishment or renovation of several Nyingma monasteries. The great palace of Potala that he built as his residence and seat in Lhasa was named after that bodhisattva’s pure land, Potalaka, a naming that contributed to the dissemination of the identification of the Dalai Lama as an emanation of Avalokiteśvara.ai Lama as an emanation of Avalokiteśvara.)
Dzogchen Drubwang, 5th + (The Fifth Dzogchen Drubwang, Tubten Chokyi … The Fifth Dzogchen Drubwang, Tubten Chokyi Dorje was instrumental in building Dzogchen Monastery’s Śrī Siṃha monastic college into a major center of learning. Having received teachings from many of the most prominent lamas of his era, he passed on the Dzogchen teachings to countless twentieth century Nyingma lamas of Kham and Amdo.th century Nyingma lamas of Kham and Amdo.)
Dodrupchen, 1st + (The First Dodrubchen Jigme Trinle Wozer, a principle disciple of Jigme Lingpa and a chaplain to the Derge royal family, was one of the foremost Longchen Nyingtik lineage holders of the nineteenth century.)
Vimalamitra + (The Indian Dzogchen master Vimalamitra is … The Indian Dzogchen master Vimalamitra is believed to have translated, composed, and concealed some of the central tantric teachings of the Nyingma tradition during the late eighth century reign of Tri Songdetsen. Historically, very few details surrounding his life and teachings can be confirmed. The dates of his birth, the location of his birthplace in India, the names of his parents, and the date of his arrival in Tibet have all been disputed. According to contemporary Nyingma accounts, he was born in India and became proficient in the sūtra-based scriptures before traveling to China to receive instructions from Śrī Siṃha. In China he received the Nyingtik teachings and achieved realization, then returned to India. Only then, at over one hundred years of age, did he enter Tibet. In Tibet, he taught and translated a wide array of esoteric tantras, concealed the Nyingtik terma, and returned to China where he achieved the rainbow body. China where he achieved the rainbow body.)
Tai Situpa, 9th + (The Ninth Situ, Pema Nyinje Wangpo, was a … The Ninth Situ, Pema Nyinje Wangpo, was a student of the Thirteenth Karmapa and the Tenth Zhamar. He was a main teacher to Jamgon Kongtrul and the Fourteenth Karmapa. He built the Gyude Temple at Pelpung Monastery. He spent the twenty years in retreat, from about age sixty to age eighty.treat, from about age sixty to age eighty.)
Dodrupchen, 3rd + (The Third Dodrubchen, Jigme Tenpai Nyima w … The Third Dodrubchen, Jigme Tenpai Nyima was a prominent lineage holder of the Longchen Nyingtik. He was the eldest son of Dudjom Lingpa. He renovated Dodrubchen Monastery, the seat of his line established by his previous incarnation, spending the last decades of his life in near-seclusion in a hermitage nearby.e in near-seclusion in a hermitage nearby.)
Karmapa, 3rd + (The Third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje, was a p … The Third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje, was a prominent Karma Kagyu hierarch who also held Nyingma and Chod lineages. He was likely the first man to carry the title of Karmapa, following his identification by Orgyenpa Rinchen Pal as the reincarnation of Karma Pakshi, whom Orgyenpa posthumously identified as the reincarnation of Dusum Khyenpa. He spent much of his life traveling across Tibet and made two visits to the Yuan court in China.ade two visits to the Yuan court in China.)
Dalai Lama, 13th + (The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Tubten Gyatso, … The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Tubten Gyatso, lived through a turbulent time in Tibetan and world history. Forced into exile first by a British invasion and then by a Chinese invasion, the Thirteenth Dalai Lama learned about modern technology and different forms of government. Following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, he declared independence for Tibet. His reforms and religious eclecticism put him in conflict with many conservative members of the Geluk clergy, who resisted his efforts to modernize Tibet.o resisted his efforts to modernize Tibet.)
nyang ral nyi ma 'od zer + (The first of the great Tibetan Buddhist tr … The first of the great Tibetan Buddhist treasure revealers, Nyangrel Nyima Wozer lived in the Lhodrak region of south-central Tibet. Among his treasure finds was the first set of The Eight Instructions: Assembly of the One Gone to Bliss, which remains a foundation of fierce deity yoga in the Nyingma tradition. He also promoted the cult of Avalokiteśvara as the patron deity of Tibet through his extensive revelations of what became known as the Maṇi Kambum, and he compiled the earliest biography Padmasambhava, initiating the apotheosis of the eighth-century ritual master into Tibet's "Second Buddha," who conquered native demons and concealed treasures across Tibet.mons and concealed treasures across Tibet.)